The following was published May 23 2002 in the Midlands Voices
section of the Omaha World-Herald.
'Intelligent design' isn't objective
science
by Charles F. Austerberry, Ph.D. The writer, an assistant
professor of biology at Creighton University, is part of the
Nebraska Religious Coalition for Science Education
(http://nrcse.creighton.edu).
A group called Concerned Citizens for Objective Science wants
Nebraska's science teaching standards revised so that students
will:
(1) "Investigate and distinguish the data and testable
theories of science from religious or philosophical claims that
are made in the name of science."
(2) "Investigate and understand the full range of scientific
views on biological evolution that exist."
(3) "Investigate and understand why some topics, such as
biological evolution, may generate controversy."
I support the first and third objectives. Students should not be
taught, explicitly or implicitly, that evolution disproves God.
Students should learn that the naturalistic, mechanistic and
impersonal theories of science do not necessarily imply any
single metaphysical stance, theistic or atheistic.
Might random chance be predictable or purposeful in some sense to
God? Might natural law reflect divine will? Could a good God
create species using a process in which other species, and
countless individual organisms, die?
Those are important, valid questions that arise when students
reflect upon the theory of evolution. Atheistic evolutionists
answer them in the negative. Theistic evolutionists and
evolutionary creationists answer them in the positive.
These unavoidable questions can be appropriately handled, at
least to some degree, even in public schools as long as they are
clearly distinguished from scientific questions.
The second objective is why I cannot sign on with this effort to
change Nebraska's science teaching standards. Just what should
"the full range of scientific views on biological
evolution" include? The answer from the "intelligent
design" advocates, who testified in favor of the changes,
subverts their first objective.
According to their theory, science has somehow already shown that
certain "irreducibly complex" features of living
organisms could not possibly have evolved through
"nondesigned" processes. Therefore, these advocates
support (as science!) the untestable default theory of
"intelligent design." The designer is unspecified. Some
claim, rhetorically in most cases, that it could be a natural
being such as an extraterrestrial alien. Most acknowledge their
belief that the designer is God.
Hardly any biologists consider "intelligent design" to
be scientific, but not because they are metaphysically biased
against belief in God. In every active science there are many
unsolved problems and open questions. But to twist them into
"evidence" for "intelligent design" is to
confuse and abuse science students. To assert that no natural
solutions could ever exist for these questions is presumptuous
and closed-minded.
Solutions to scientific problems often can't even be imagined,
let alone analyzed and tested, for many years. Some phenomena
currently without any natural explanations might never be
explained scientifically. Some could indeed be the work of a
designer. Naturally explained ("nondesigned"?)
phenomena might also involve divine providence of some sort.
Science can do great things, but it cannot tell us when all
possible natural explanations have been exhausted, and it cannot
identify particular instances of design when the unspecified
designer could be God.
It's an ironic tragedy that well-meaning "intelligent
design" advocates identified the right problem (atheistic
implications being drawn, unsolved problems being downplayed) but
then proposed a profoundly bad solution ("reinvent" the
scientific method, claim unsolved problems as evidence for
design). Scientific questions, solved or unsolved, do not
constitute evidence for or against such a designer.
Simple admission of what is unknown is the only honest scientific
stance, but such humility and patience are apparently not very
popular. Basic scientists trying to understand how nature works
are unusually curious, but they must avoid jumping to conclusions
and must be willing to live (sometimes their whole lives!)
without certain answers. No one scientist embodies that ideal
perfectly, but it is nonetheless our code of ethics when we are
doing science.
Scientists are also complete human beings, and many of us have
strong religious faith. Most of us insist that our faith be
consistent with our science, but we do not expect our science to
be the prime foundation for our faith. That error was made at the
beginning of the Enlightenment and led, ironically, to the rise
of modern atheism.